Cambrian(cambrian of the era)

1. Cambrian

1. Cambrian

寒武紀(jì)(Cambrian)是顯生宙的開(kāi)始,距今約5.42億年前—4.88億年。這個(gè)名字來(lái)自于英國(guó)威爾士的一個(gè)古代地名羅馬名稱“Cambria”,該地的寒武紀(jì)地層被最早研究?!昂浼o(jì)”一詞是英國(guó)地質(zhì)學(xué)家塞奇威克(A Sedgwick)于1835年首次引進(jìn)地質(zhì)文獻(xiàn)的。原指泥盆紀(jì)老紅砂巖之下的所有地層。在羅馬人統(tǒng)治的時(shí)代,北威爾士山曾稱寒武山,因此賽德維克便將這個(gè)時(shí)期稱為寒武紀(jì)。通過(guò)鈾鉛測(cè)年法測(cè)量其延續(xù)時(shí)間為5370萬(wàn)年。

2. cambrian of the era

2. cambrian of the era

古生代屬于顯生宙,上一個(gè)代是新元古代,下一個(gè)代是中生代。古生代包括了寒武紀(jì)、奧陶紀(jì)、志留紀(jì)、泥盆紀(jì)、石炭紀(jì)、二疊紀(jì)。 泥盆紀(jì)、石炭紀(jì)、二疊紀(jì)又合稱晚古生代。

古生代(Paleozoic era)——地質(zhì)年代的第3個(gè)代(第1、2個(gè)代分別是太古代和元古代)。約開(kāi)始于5.7億年前,結(jié)束于2.3億年前。古生代共有6個(gè)紀(jì)(Period),一般分為早、晚古生代。早古生代包括寒武紀(jì)(Cambrian 5.4億年前)、奧陶紀(jì)(Ordovician 5億年前)和志留紀(jì)(Silurian 4.35億年前),晚古生代包括泥盆紀(jì)(Devonian 4.05億年前)、石炭紀(jì)(Carboniferous 3.55億年前)和二疊紀(jì)(Permian 2.95億年前)。動(dòng)物群以海生無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物中的三葉蟲(chóng)、軟體動(dòng)物和棘皮動(dòng)物最繁盛。在奧陶紀(jì)、志留紀(jì)、泥盆紀(jì)、石炭紀(jì),相繼出現(xiàn)低等魚(yú)類、古兩棲類和古爬行類動(dòng)物。魚(yú)類在泥盆紀(jì)達(dá)于全盛。石炭紀(jì)和二疊紀(jì)昆蟲(chóng)和兩棲類繁盛。古植物在古生代早期以海生藻類為主,至志留紀(jì)末期,原始植物開(kāi)始登上陸地。泥盆紀(jì)以裸蕨植物為主。石炭紀(jì)和二疊紀(jì)時(shí),蕨類植物特別繁盛,形成茂密的森林,是重要的成煤期。

中生代(英文名:Mesozoic Era;時(shí)間:距今約2.5億年~距今約6500萬(wàn)年)

顯生宙第二個(gè)代,晚于古生代,早于新生代。這一時(shí)期形成的地層稱中生界。中生代名稱是由英國(guó)地質(zhì)學(xué)家J.菲利普斯于1841年首先提出來(lái)的,是表示這個(gè)時(shí)代的生物具有古生代和新生代之間的中間性質(zhì)。中生代從二疊紀(jì)-三疊紀(jì)滅絕事件開(kāi)始,到白堊紀(jì)-第三紀(jì)滅絕事件為止。自老至新中生代包括三疊紀(jì)、侏羅紀(jì)和白堊紀(jì)。

中生代時(shí),爬行動(dòng)物(恐龍類、色龍類、翼龍類等)空前繁盛,故有爬行動(dòng)物時(shí)代之稱,或稱恐龍時(shí)代。中生代時(shí)出現(xiàn)鳥(niǎo)類和哺乳類動(dòng)物。海生無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物以菊石類繁盛為特征,故也稱菊石時(shí)代。淡水無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物,隨著陸地的不斷擴(kuò)大,河湖遍布的有利條件,雙殼類、腹足類、葉肢介、介形蟲(chóng)等大量發(fā)展,這些門(mén)類對(duì)陸相地層的劃分、對(duì)比非常重要。

中生代植物,以真蕨類和裸子植物最繁盛。到中生代末,被子植物取代了裸子植物而居重要地位。中生代末發(fā)生著名的生物絕滅事件,特別是恐龍類絕滅,菊石類全部絕滅。有人認(rèn)為生物絕滅事件與地外小天體撞擊地球有關(guān),但真正原因有待進(jìn)一步研究確定。

古生代時(shí)的盤(pán)古大陸分裂成南北兩片。北部大陸開(kāi)始分為北美和歐亞大陸,但是沒(méi)有完全分開(kāi)。南部大陸開(kāi)始分為南美,非洲,澳洲和南極洲,只有澳洲沒(méi)有和南極洲完全分裂。

古生代末期,聯(lián)合古陸的形成,使全球陸地面積擴(kuò)大,陸相沉積分布廣泛。中生代中、晚期,聯(lián)合古陸逐漸解體和新大洋形成,至中生代末 ,形成歐亞 、北美 、南美、非洲、澳大利亞、南極洲和印度等獨(dú)立陸塊。并在其間相隔太平洋、大西洋、印度洋和北極海。

中生代中、晚期,各板塊漂移加速,在具有緩沖帶的洋、陸殼的接觸帶上緩沖、擠壓,導(dǎo)致著名的燕山運(yùn)動(dòng)(或稱太平洋運(yùn)動(dòng)),形成規(guī)模宏大的環(huán)太平洋巖漿巖帶、地體增生帶和多種內(nèi)生金屬、非金屬礦帶。中生代氣候總體處于溫暖狀態(tài),通常只有熱帶、亞熱帶和溫帶的差異。

3. cambrian point

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  物群與寒武紀(jì)大爆發(fā)’科研項(xiàng)目,通過(guò)對(duì)澄江動(dòng)物群化石的發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究,在世界上首次揭示了‘寒武紀(jì)大爆發(fā)’的整體輪廓,證實(shí)幾乎所有的動(dòng)物祖先都曾站在同一起跑線上?!?/p>

  “澄江動(dòng)物群因1984年7月1日在云南省澄江縣首次發(fā)現(xiàn)而得名,是寒武紀(jì)早期(距今約5.3億年)的一個(gè)多門(mén)類動(dòng)物化石群,不僅動(dòng)物類型多,而且十分珍稀地保存了生物的軟體構(gòu)造,首次栩栩如生地再現(xiàn)了遠(yuǎn)古海洋生命的壯麗景觀和現(xiàn)生動(dòng)物的原始特征?!?/p>

  “三位科學(xué)家說(shuō),‘澄江動(dòng)物群的地質(zhì)年代正處于“寒武紀(jì)大爆發(fā)”時(shí)期,它讓我們?nèi)鐚?shí)地看到5.3億年前動(dòng)物群的真實(shí)面貌,各種各樣的動(dòng)物在“寒武紀(jì)大爆發(fā)”時(shí)期迅速起源,現(xiàn)在生活在地球上的各個(gè)動(dòng)物門(mén)類幾乎都已出現(xiàn),而不是經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的演化慢慢變來(lái)的?!?/p>

  如果如這三位科學(xué)家所言,各個(gè)動(dòng)物門(mén)類“不是經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的演化慢慢變來(lái)的”,那么它們又是怎么來(lái)的呢?他們的言下之意是在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)快速演化而來(lái)的(“演化”和“進(jìn)化”在生物學(xué)上為同義詞,都是英文evolution的翻譯,下面依據(jù)一般習(xí)慣用“進(jìn)化”),但是語(yǔ)焉不詳,記者又未做補(bǔ)充,于是在一些人聽(tīng)來(lái),竟然就是在否定動(dòng)物是進(jìn)化而來(lái)的。一家著名網(wǎng)站在轉(zhuǎn)載這則報(bào)道時(shí),用的標(biāo)題赫然就是“澄江動(dòng)物群證實(shí)幾乎所有動(dòng)物并非演化而來(lái)”,去掉了“慢慢”兩字,非同小可,等于是完全否定了進(jìn)化論,于是由生物進(jìn)化的速度快慢之爭(zhēng),變成了生物進(jìn)化的有無(wú)之爭(zhēng)了?!犊萍既?qǐng)?bào)》有關(guān)報(bào)道的題目干脆就叫“澄江動(dòng)物群揭寒武紀(jì)之謎中國(guó)學(xué)者挑戰(zhàn)進(jìn)化論”!另外一種常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)法則是“寒武紀(jì)大爆發(fā)挑戰(zhàn)達(dá)爾文”,不僅大眾媒體、基督教的宣傳品這么說(shuō),而且某些專家的文章也這么說(shuō),例如陳均遠(yuǎn)《寒武紀(jì)大爆發(fā)和多細(xì)胞動(dòng)物構(gòu)型方案的起源》一文中,有一小節(jié)的題目就叫做“挑戰(zhàn)達(dá)爾文”,聲稱達(dá)爾文“關(guān)于生命演化的各種解釋,事實(shí)上都處于科學(xué)假說(shuō)階段”。

  達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化論到現(xiàn)在是否還只是“科學(xué)假說(shuō)”?它是否面臨著生物學(xué)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的挑戰(zhàn)呢?我們得看看達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化究竟說(shuō)的是什么。達(dá)爾文提出的進(jìn)化論主要包括四個(gè)子學(xué)說(shuō):

  一,一般進(jìn)化論:物種是可變的,現(xiàn)有的物種是從別的物種變來(lái)的,一個(gè)物種可以變成新的物種。這一點(diǎn),早已被生物地理學(xué)、比較解剖學(xué)、比較胚胎學(xué)、古生物學(xué)和分子生物學(xué)等學(xué)科的觀察、實(shí)驗(yàn)所證實(shí),我們現(xiàn)在甚至可以在實(shí)驗(yàn)室、野外直接觀察到新物種的產(chǎn)生。所以,這是一個(gè)科學(xué)事實(shí),其可靠程度跟“地球是圓的”、“物質(zhì)由原子組成”一樣。在今天,除了極其個(gè)別的由于宗教信仰偏見(jiàn)而無(wú)視事實(shí)的人,實(shí)際上已無(wú)生物學(xué)家否認(rèn)生物進(jìn)化的事實(shí)。

  二,共同祖先學(xué)說(shuō):所有的生物都來(lái)自共同的祖先。分子生物學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)了所有的生物都使用同一套遺傳密碼,生物化學(xué)揭示了所有生物在分子水平上有高度的一致性,最終證實(shí)了達(dá)爾文這一遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)。所以,這也是一個(gè)被普遍接受的科學(xué)事實(shí)。

  三,自選選擇學(xué)說(shuō):自然選擇是進(jìn)化的主要機(jī)制。自然選擇的存在,是已被無(wú)數(shù)觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)所證實(shí)的,所以,這也是一個(gè)科學(xué)事實(shí)。但是,現(xiàn)在學(xué)術(shù)界一般認(rèn)為,自然選擇的使用范圍并不象達(dá)爾文設(shè)想的那么廣泛。自然選擇是適應(yīng)性進(jìn)化(即生物體對(duì)環(huán)境的適應(yīng))的機(jī)制,對(duì)于非適應(yīng)性的進(jìn)化,有基因漂移等其他機(jī)制。也就是說(shuō),不能用自然選擇來(lái)解釋所有的進(jìn)化現(xiàn)象??紤]到適應(yīng)性進(jìn)化是生物進(jìn)化的核心現(xiàn)象,說(shuō)自然選擇是進(jìn)化的主要機(jī)制,也是成立的。

  四,漸變論:生物進(jìn)化的步調(diào)是漸變式的,是一個(gè)在自然選擇作用下累積微小的優(yōu)勢(shì)變異的逐漸改進(jìn)的過(guò)程,而不是躍變式的。這是達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化論中較有爭(zhēng)議的部分。在達(dá)爾文在世時(shí)以及死后相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間,大部分生物學(xué)家,特別是古生物學(xué)家,都相信生物進(jìn)化是能夠出現(xiàn)躍變的,認(rèn)為新的形態(tài)和器官是源自大的躍變,而不是微小的變異在自然選擇的作用下緩慢而逐漸地累積下來(lái)的。包括赫胥黎在內(nèi)的一些古生物學(xué)家由于強(qiáng)調(diào)生物化石的不連續(xù)性,而持這種觀點(diǎn)。在遺傳學(xué)誕生之后的一段時(shí)間內(nèi),早期遺傳學(xué)家們由于強(qiáng)調(diào)遺傳性狀的不連續(xù)性,也普遍接受躍變論。在20世紀(jì)40年代,“現(xiàn)代綜合”學(xué)說(shuō)將遺傳學(xué)和自然選擇學(xué)說(shuō)成功地結(jié)合起來(lái),漸變論逐漸占了優(yōu)勢(shì)。但是近二、三十年來(lái),古生物學(xué)和進(jìn)化發(fā)育生物學(xué)的研究表明,生物進(jìn)化過(guò)程很可能是漸變和躍變兩種模式都存在的,躍變論又有抬頭的趨勢(shì)。不過(guò),進(jìn)化論所說(shuō)的躍變,除了某些非常特殊的情形(例如植物經(jīng)雜交出現(xiàn)新種),并非是指在一代或數(shù)代之間發(fā)生的進(jìn)化,而可能經(jīng)歷了數(shù)千年、數(shù)萬(wàn)年乃至數(shù)百萬(wàn)年,只不過(guò)以地質(zhì)年代來(lái)衡量顯得很短暫而已。

  寒武紀(jì)大爆發(fā)挑戰(zhàn)的就是漸變論,但是并不能否證漸變論。它即使成立,也不過(guò)表明進(jìn)化有時(shí)候是能夠以躍變的方式進(jìn)行的,并不能否認(rèn)進(jìn)化在其他時(shí)候是以漸變的方式進(jìn)行的。寒武紀(jì)大爆發(fā)更不會(huì)挑戰(zhàn)進(jìn)化論。幾乎所有動(dòng)物的“門(mén)”都在寒武紀(jì)早期出現(xiàn),絕不意味著這些動(dòng)物祖先不是進(jìn)化而來(lái)的,更不意味著它們之后沒(méi)有發(fā)生進(jìn)化。神創(chuàng)論者在介紹寒武紀(jì)大爆發(fā)時(shí),試圖給人這種印象:幾乎所有的動(dòng)物都是同時(shí)突然出現(xiàn)的,以后只有滅絕而沒(méi)有進(jìn)化。其實(shí)完全不是這么回事。第一,在寒武紀(jì)之前,動(dòng)物已經(jīng)過(guò)了漫長(zhǎng)的進(jìn)化過(guò)程。自五十年代以來(lái),古生物學(xué)家已在世界各地三十個(gè)地方發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的寒武紀(jì)之前的多細(xì)胞生物乃至動(dòng)物,數(shù)量最多、最為聞名的在四個(gè)地方:澳大利亞的埃迪亞加拉山(Ediacara Hill)(因此這段時(shí)期被稱為埃迪亞加拉紀(jì)(Ediacarian))、加拿大紐芬蘭的錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)(Mistake Point)、俄羅斯的白海海岸和納米比亞。此外還有中國(guó)甕安動(dòng)物群,據(jù)稱是迄今發(fā)現(xiàn)的最古老的實(shí)體化石動(dòng)物群。這些寒武紀(jì)之前的多細(xì)胞生物包括軟珊瑚、海蜇、蠕蟲(chóng)和其他稀奇古怪的生物。對(duì)這些多細(xì)胞生物是否是寒武紀(jì)動(dòng)物的直接祖先,以前有爭(zhēng)議,因?yàn)樵?995年之前從這些多細(xì)胞生物到寒武紀(jì)動(dòng)物還存在一段地質(zhì)空白,所以有專家主張這些早期多細(xì)胞生物全部滅絕,在寒武紀(jì)又再來(lái)一次從單細(xì)胞到多細(xì)胞的進(jìn)化。在1995年,在納米比亞火山灰層中出現(xiàn)了大量的寒武紀(jì)之前的多細(xì)胞生物,恰好補(bǔ)上了這段空白,所以,現(xiàn)在已很少有專家懷疑前寒武紀(jì)的多細(xì)胞生物和寒武紀(jì)的動(dòng)物沒(méi)有相承關(guān)系。第二,寒武紀(jì)的動(dòng)物并不是“同時(shí)”出現(xiàn)的,而是持續(xù)了幾百萬(wàn)年,這在進(jìn)化史上當(dāng)然是短時(shí)間,但對(duì)神創(chuàng)論來(lái)說(shuō),卻是長(zhǎng)得不可思議。第三,“幾乎所有動(dòng)物的門(mén)”在寒武紀(jì)地層出現(xiàn)并不等于“幾乎所有動(dòng)物的種”在那時(shí)候都已出現(xiàn)。事實(shí)上,寒武紀(jì)的動(dòng)物一般地只是那個(gè)門(mén)的原始物種,以后幾乎全都滅絕了,后來(lái)的物種是進(jìn)化來(lái)的。比如,寒武紀(jì)只存在少數(shù)幾種原始的脊索動(dòng)物,而豐富多彩的脊椎動(dòng)物各類群,包括魚(yú)類、兩棲類、爬行類、哺乳類和鳥(niǎo)類,都是在寒武紀(jì)之后從原始脊索動(dòng)物逐漸進(jìn)化來(lái)的。現(xiàn)代脊椎動(dòng)物各物種更都有了幾億年的進(jìn)化史。

  為什么幾乎所有動(dòng)物的門(mén)會(huì)在較短的時(shí)間(數(shù)百萬(wàn)年!)內(nèi)進(jìn)化出來(lái),生物學(xué)家們提出了不少的解釋,目前被較為廣泛接受的是Hox基因調(diào)控理論。Hox基因是一種“同源異形”基因,是動(dòng)物形態(tài)藍(lán)圖的設(shè)計(jì)師,在發(fā)育過(guò)程中控制身體各部分形成的位置。如果同源異形基因發(fā)生突變,會(huì)使動(dòng)物某一部位的器官變成其他部位的器官,叫做同源異形。比如,讓某個(gè)同源異形基因發(fā)生突變,能使果蠅的身體到處長(zhǎng)眼睛,在該長(zhǎng)眼睛的地方長(zhǎng)出翅膀,或者在該長(zhǎng)觸角的地方長(zhǎng)出了腳。Hox基因在所有的脊椎動(dòng)物和絕大部分無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物中都存在,調(diào)控的機(jī)理也相似,這表明它可能是最古老的基因之一,在最早的動(dòng)物祖先中就已存在。Hox的突變一開(kāi)始時(shí)在胚胎早期引起的變化不大,但隨著組織、器官的分化定型,突變的影響逐步被放大,導(dǎo)致身體結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生重大的改變。這可以解釋寒武紀(jì)物種大爆發(fā)。那時(shí)候基因結(jié)構(gòu)、發(fā)育過(guò)程都較簡(jiǎn)單,Hox的基因突變?nèi)菀妆槐A?,結(jié)果導(dǎo)致了身體結(jié)構(gòu)的多姿多彩。

  達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化論在經(jīng)過(guò)修正后,到現(xiàn)在仍然是生物進(jìn)化論的主流學(xué)說(shuō),具有無(wú)比強(qiáng)大的生命力。但是為什么我們每隔一段時(shí)間,就能聽(tīng)到達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化論遭受挑戰(zhàn)、被質(zhì)疑乃至被否定的說(shuō)法呢?這有宗教因素,也有思想、文化因素(許多不信基督教的人文學(xué)者也不喜歡達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化論的機(jī)械色彩),值得注意的是,還有科學(xué)家的心理因素。一些科學(xué)家為了強(qiáng)調(diào)自己研究的課題的重要性,會(huì)有意無(wú)意地夸大其研究成果的價(jià)值,甚至有的人明明站在巨人的肩膀上,卻又巴不得一腳把巨人踢倒以顯示自己的偉大。這就要求我們,對(duì)驚人的說(shuō)法要格外保持警惕,不要輕信。

4. cambrian college 是什么大學(xué)

地球的地質(zhì)年代從今到古可分為(以下的分類依照的是國(guó)際地層委員會(huì),劍橋大學(xué)的劃分略有不同) 年份每一百萬(wàn)年為一個(gè)單位。 1. Phanerozoic Eon: PH (顯生宙) 1) Cenozoic Era: CZ (新生代) (0 - 65.5) 現(xiàn)代生物的時(shí)期 (哺乳動(dòng)物,被子植物),其間經(jīng)歷了多次的冰河時(shí)期 a) Quaternary Q (第四紀(jì)) (0 - 1.81) Holocene Q2 (全新世) (0 - 0.01) Pleistocene Q1 (更新世) (0.01 - 1.81) Neogene N (晚第三紀(jì)) (1.81 - 23.8) Pliocene N2 (上新世) (1.81 - 5.32) Miocene N1 (中新世) (5.32 - 23.8) c) Paleogene E (早第三紀(jì)) (23.8 - 65.5) Oligocene E3 (漸新世) (23.8 - 33.7) Eocene E2 (始新世) (33.7 - 55.0) Paleocene E1 (古新世) (55.0 - 65.5) 2) Mesozoic Era: MZ (中生代) (65.5 - 250) 中等進(jìn)化生物的時(shí)期 (爬行動(dòng)物,裸子植物) a) Cretaceous K (白堊紀(jì)) (65.5 - 142.0) 恐龍進(jìn)化的最后階段,有暴龍等 Jurassic J (侏羅紀(jì)) (142.0 - 205.1) 恐龍統(tǒng)治的時(shí)代,侏羅紀(jì)中期泛古大陸開(kāi)始分解,導(dǎo)致后期超大型恐龍的出現(xiàn),如腕龍,梁龍等。 c) Triassic T (三疊紀(jì)) (205.1 - 250) 三疊紀(jì)生物大滅絕,恐龍出現(xiàn) 3)Paleozoic Era: PZ (古生代) (251.4 - 545) 古代生物的時(shí)期 (魚(yú)類,蕨類植物) a) Permian P (二疊紀(jì)) (251.4 - 292) Carboniferous C (石炭紀(jì)) (292 - 354) c) Devonian D (泥盆紀(jì)) (354 - 417) d) Silurian S (志留紀(jì)) (417 - 440) e) Ordovician O (奧陶紀(jì)) (440 - 495) f) Cambrian E (寒武紀(jì)) (495 - 545) 寒武紀(jì)的生物大爆炸 2.Precambrian (元古宙) 1) Proterozoic PR (原生代) (545 - 2500) 久遠(yuǎn)的原始生物的時(shí)期 a) Neoproterozoic NP (540-1000) Mesoproterozoic MP (1000-1600) c) Paleoproterozoic PP (1800 - 2500) 2) Archean AR (太古代) (2500 - 3900) 初始生物的時(shí)期 a) Neoarchean NA (2500 - 2800) Mesoarchean MA (2800 - 3200) c) Paleoarchean PA (3200 - 3600) d) Eoarchean EA (3600 - 3900) 3) Hadean (冥古代) (3900 - 4567) 生命現(xiàn)象伊始的時(shí)期 a) Swazian Early Imbrian (3900 - 3975) Swazian Nectarian (3975 - 4000) c) Basin Groups Swazian (4000 - 4150) d) Basin Groups (4150 - 4567.17) e) Cryptic (4567.17 +/- 0.7) 地球的誕生(45億年前)夠詳細(xì)吧!

5. cambrian是什么品牌

麒麟980創(chuàng)造了6個(gè)世界第一:

全球最早商用的臺(tái)積電7nm工藝的手機(jī)SoC芯片

全球首次實(shí)現(xiàn)基于ARM Cortex-A76開(kāi)發(fā)的商用CPU架構(gòu),最高主頻可達(dá)2.6GHz

全球首款搭載雙核NPU

全球最新采用Mali-G76 GPU

全球最先支持LTE Cat.21,峰值下載速率1.4Gbps,達(dá)到業(yè)內(nèi)最高

支持全球最快LPDDR4X顆粒,主頻最高可達(dá)2133MHz,同樣業(yè)內(nèi)最高

可能最大的意外,就是麒麟980采用了雙核NPU——而不是此前謠傳的會(huì)搭載寒武紀(jì)最新一代1M。麒麟980中使用的NPU是寒武紀(jì)1H,是麒麟970搭載的寒武紀(jì)1A的優(yōu)化版,加上雙核,圖像識(shí)別速度有了220%的飛升,AI能力也有進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展。

麒麟980芯片相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示,原本他們是不打算做宣傳的,而是靠口碑營(yíng)銷(xiāo),因?yàn)椤跋M(fèi)者只要用了就知道有多好”。

至于麒麟980研發(fā)費(fèi)用,華為方面表示是“數(shù)億美元”,因?yàn)椤靶酒菨L動(dòng)研發(fā),很難界定具體的投入是多少”。而關(guān)于投入產(chǎn)出比,華為并不把芯片當(dāng)做一門(mén)生意在做,他們更在意的是產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

根據(jù)華為CBG業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展情況,從品牌的形象塑造和產(chǎn)業(yè)影響力來(lái)看,麒麟系列芯片的投入是“非常值得的”。

下面詳細(xì)來(lái)看這款芯片。

迄今最強(qiáng)芯片,性能碾壓高通845和蘋(píng)果A11

具體看,麒麟980和麒麟970的規(guī)格參數(shù)對(duì)比:

余承東表示,從最初的研發(fā)、IP儲(chǔ)備,到最終的商業(yè)化量產(chǎn),華為用了36個(gè)月的時(shí)間。也就是說(shuō),在3年以前,麒麟980項(xiàng)目就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,投入了數(shù)千名資深半導(dǎo)體專家,進(jìn)行了5000+次驗(yàn)證和檢測(cè)。

再來(lái)看麒麟980跟高通845的對(duì)比。

性能全面碾壓:黃線是麒麟980,白線是高通驍龍845(GPU是在開(kāi)啟Turbo狀態(tài))

麒麟980是7nm工藝,華為從2015年開(kāi)始就從事7nm工藝研究,2016年進(jìn)行IP儲(chǔ)備、集成驗(yàn)證,2017年做SoC工程化驗(yàn)證,2018年實(shí)現(xiàn)量產(chǎn)。

2018年實(shí)現(xiàn)7nm工藝的手機(jī)SoC量產(chǎn),這是很多業(yè)內(nèi)人士都不曾料到的,大家普遍以為至少要到2019年才能成功。

科技公司對(duì)手機(jī)SoC的性能追求永無(wú)止境。

那么從10nm到7nm,芯片都有了哪些提升呢?

根據(jù)臺(tái)積電的官方數(shù)據(jù),從10nm改為7nm,芯片性能大約有20%的提升,能效則有大約40%的提升,邏輯電路的密度提升60%,相當(dāng)于原來(lái)的1.6倍。

6. Cambrian period

Mount Tai (Chinese: 泰山; pinyin: Tài Shān) is a mountain of historical and cultural significance located north of the city of Tai'an, in Shandong Province, China. The tallest peak is Jade Emperor Peak (simplified Chinese: 玉皇頂; traditional Chinese: 玉皇頂; pinyin: Yùhuáng Dīng), which is commonly reported as 1545 metres (5069 feet) tall[1], but is described by the Chinese government as 1532.7 metres (5028.5 feet)[2].Mount Tai is one of the "Five Sacred Mountains of Taoism". It is associated with sunrise, birth, and renewal, and is often regarded the foremost of the five. The temples on its slopes have been a destination for pilgrims for 3,000 years.Contents [hide]1 Location 2 History 3 Natural significance 4 Cultural significance 4.1 Dai Miao 4.2 Other Monuments 5 Infrastructure 6 Cultural references 7 Footnotes 8 External links [edit] Location Location within ChinaMount Tai is located just north of the city of Tai'an and to the south of the provincial capital Jinan. It extends from 150 to 1,545 metres above sea level and covers an area of 426 square kilometres at its base. The Jade Emperor Peak is located at 36° 16′N(xiāo) and 117° 6′E.[edit] HistoryTraces of human presence at Mount Tai date back to the Paleolithic period. Human settlement of the area can be proven from the neolithic period onwards. During this time, two cultures had emerged near the mountain, the Dawenkou to the north and Longshan to the south. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the mountain lay on the boundary between the competing States of Qi (north of the mountain) and Lu (south). In the ensuing Warring States Period, the State of Qi erected a 500 km-long wall to protect itself against an invasion. Ruins of this wall are still present today. The name Tai'an of neighboring city is attributed to the saying "If Mount Tai is stable, so is the entire country" (both characters of Tai'an, 泰安, have independent meaning "peace").Religious worship of Mount Tai has a tradition of 3,000 years, it has been practiced from the time of the Shang to that of the Qing Dynasty. Over time, this worship evolved into an official imperial rite and Mount Tai became one of the principal places where the emperor would pay homage to Heaven (on the summit) and Earth (at the foot of the mountain) in the Fengshan Sacrifices (封禪). In 219 BC, Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China, held a ceremony on the summit and proclaimed the unity of his empire in a famous inscription.Mount Tai has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987. In 2003, it attracted around 6 million visitors. A renovation project to be completed by late October 2005 aims at restoring cultural relics and the renovation of damaged buildings of cultural significance. Modern buildings which are inconsistent with the historic landscape are to be demolished. The total cost of the work is estimated at 15 million yuan (approximately US$1.8 million).[edit] Natural significance The Immortal Bridge, a natural landscapeMount Tai is a tilted fault-block mountain with height increasing from the north to the south. It is the oldest example of a paleo-metamorphic formation from the Cambrian Period in eastern China. Known as the Taishan Complex, this formation contains magnetized, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock as well as intrusions of other origins during the Archean Era. The uplift of the region started in the Proterozoic Era, by the end of the Proterozoic, it had become part of the continent.Besides the Jade Emperor Peak, other distinctive rock formations are the Heaven Candle Peak, the Fan Cliff, and the Rear Rock Basin.Mount Tai lies in the zone of oriental deciduous forest; about 80% of its area is covered with vegetation. The flora is known to comprise almost 1,000 species. Some of the trees in the area are very old and have cultural significance, such as the Han Dynasty Cypresses, which were planted by the Emperor Wu Di, the Tang Chinese Scholartree (about 2,100 years old), the Welcoming-Guest Pine (500 years old) and the Fifth-Rank Pine, which was named originally by the Emperor Qin Shi Huang, but was replanted about 250 years ago.[edit] Cultural significance[edit] Dai Miao Dai Temple at Mount TaiThe Temple of the God of Mount Tai, known as the Dai Temple (Dai Miao) is the largest and most complete ancient building complex in the area. It is located at the foot of Mount Tai in the city of Tai'an and covers an area of 96,000 square meters. The temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty. Since the time of the Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD), its design has been a replica of the imperial palace, which makes it one out of three extant structures in China with the features of an imperial palace (the other two are the Forbidden City and the Confucius Temple in Qufu). The temple has five major halls and many small buildings. The centerpiece is the Palace of Heavenly Blessings (Tian Kuang), built in 1008, during the Northern Song Dynasty. The hall houses the mural painting "The God of Mount Tai Making a Journey", dated to the year 1009. The mural extends around the eastern, western and northern walls of the hall and is 3.3 metres high and 62 metres long. The theme of the painting is an inspection tour by the god. Next to the Palace of Heavenly Blessings stand the Yaocan Pavilion and the entrance archway as well as the Bronze Pavilion in the northeast corner. The Dai Temple is surrounded by the 2,100 year-old Han Dynasty cypresses.Dong Yue Temple at Mount Tai[edit] Other MonumentsA flight of 7,200 total steps (including inner temple steps), with 6,293 Official Mountain Walkway Steps, lead up the East Peak of Mount Tai, along its course, there are 11 gates, 14 archways, 14 kiosks, and 4 pavilions.In total, there are 22 temples, 97 ruins, 819 stone tablets, and 1,018 cliff-side and stone inscriptions located on Mount Tai. These include the Azure Cloud Temple dedicated to the daughter of the God of Mount Tai, the goddess Laomu and the Divine Rock Temple which features the Thousand-Buddhas Hall with painted Arhat statues.[edit] Infrastructure Zeng Fu Temple at Mount Tai Stone inscriptions at Mount TaiVisitors can reach the peak of Mount Tai via a bus which terminates at the Midway Gate to Heaven, from there a cable car connects to the summit. Covering the same distance on foot takes from two and a half to six hours. The supplies for the many vendors along the road to the summit are carried up by porters either from the Midway Gate to Heaven or all the way up from the foot of the mountain.To climb up the mountain, one can take one of two routes. The more popular east route starts from Taishan Arch. On the way up the 7,200 stone steps, the climber first passes the Ten Thousand Immortals Tower (Wanxianlou), Arhat Cliff (Luohanya), and Palace to Goddess Dou Mu (Doumugong). The climbing from downtown up the mountain can take two and a half hours for the avid hiker to six hours for the leisure pace. To the northeast of the Palace to Goddess Dou Mu is Sutra Rock Valley in which the Buddhist Diamond Sutra was cut in characters measuring fifty centimeters across believed to be inscribed in the Northern Wei Dynasty. The west route, taken by fewer tourists, is more scenic, but has less culture heritage.[edit] Cultural referencesThe Chinese idiom "泰山北斗" (lit. Mount Tai & Big Dipper) is an epithet for a person of great distinction. According to an ancient quotation from Sima Qian, "Though death befalls all men alike, it may be weightier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather." Mao Zedong referenced this quote in the 20th century: "To die for the people is weightier than Mount Tai, but to work for the fascists and die for the exploiters and oppressors is lighter than a feather". [1] Rage Against the Machine referenced this in the song "Year of tha Boomerang": "So I'm goin' out heavy sorta like Mount Tai". In 1987, Canadian progressive rock band Rush put out the Hold Your Fire album, containing the song "Tai Shan." The song was about drummer and lyricist Neil Peart's journey to Mount Tai. The Dai Miao is featured in Sid Meier's Civilization IV as a religious complex that can be built by a Great Prophet, thus establishing a holy shrine dedicated to Taoism in the Taoist holy city. Tai Shan is the name of the most popular beer of most of Western Shandong province. A popular Vietnamese saying C?ng cha nh? núi Thái S?n, ngh?a m? nh? n??c trong ngu?n ch?y ra, m?t lòng th? m? kính cha, cho tròn ch? hi?u m?i là ??o con, mentions Thai Son mountain which may be translated into Chinese as Tai Shan, and refers a father's work ethics to the grandeur of the mountain

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